State Schemes and Central Government-Implemented Schemes
State Schemes
The implementation of drinking water supply schemes in rural areas of the state is done under state schemes. Works related to rural drinking water supply that are not included in the Jal Jeevan Mission are being implemented under the state scheme.
The department provides grant-in-aid from the state fund for the implementation of drinking water supply schemes in urban local bodies of the state.
1. Rural Drinking Water Supply
(a) Handpump Schemes:
Handpump schemes are implemented under the state fund by installing handpumps after drilling tube wells in rural settlements and government schools to provide safe drinking water.
(b) Rural Pipe Water Supply Schemes:
In rural areas of the state, drinking water supply schemes are implemented through pipelines and elevated tanks to provide 55 liters of potable water per person per day through functional domestic tap connections. This is done under the state fund, in addition to the Jal Jeevan Mission.
Due to the excessive exploitation of groundwater resources in the state, the groundwater level is declining, and the quality of drinking water is also getting affected. Therefore, reducing dependence on groundwater and utilizing surface water sources has become an urgent need. For settlements where adequate groundwater resources are not available or the quality of groundwater is affected, community water schemes based on surface water sources have been implemented.
2. Urban Water Supply Schemes
The survey, planning, and implementation of urban water supply schemes are carried out by the department on the request and consent of local bodies. The financial structure of these schemes consists of 70% government grant and 30% loan to the urban bodies. Operation and maintenance of these schemes is carried out by the respective urban bodies.
Central Government-Implemented/ Sponsored Schemes
The implementation of drinking water and related schemes is carried out by the department under central funding. The details of central government-implemented/sponsored schemes are as follows:
National Rural Drinking Water Program:
From 01.04.2019, the Government of India, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, has been implementing the "Jal Jeevan Mission" program, which includes all components of the previously implemented National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP).
On 15th August 2019, the Hon'ble Prime Minister announced the "Jal Jeevan Mission" from the ramparts of the Red Fort in his Independence Day speech. The objective of the mission is to provide "Har Ghar Nal Se Jal" (tap water to every household) by 2024.
Objective: To provide affordable, quality drinking water to every rural household at a minimal water charge, on a regular and long-term basis, thereby improving the living standards of the rural community.
(a) Har Ghar Jal:
From 01.04.2019, the Government of India, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, has been implementing the "Jal Jeevan Mission" program, which includes all components of the previously implemented National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP).
On 15th August 2019, the Hon'ble Prime Minister announced the "Jal Jeevan Mission" from the ramparts of the Red Fort in his Independence Day speech. The objective of the mission is to provide "Har Ghar Nal Se Jal" (tap water to every household) by 2024.
(b) Institutional Mechanism:
National Level:
The National Jal Jeevan Mission (NJJM) will function as a directorate. The mission will have all the powers necessary to successfully implement the program and provide long-term drinking water to rural communities.
State Level:
At the state level, the State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM) has been constituted under the chairmanship of the Chief Secretary, for coordination and policy guidance. The Secretary of the Public Health Engineering Department is the Member Secretary of SWSM. SWSM is registered as a society. The state government has provided SWSM with the necessary powers for the successful implementation of the Jal Jeevan Mission as per the decision of the Cabinet meeting dated 13.02.2021.
SWSM has two bodies: (i) Governing Body (ii) Executive Committee.
(i) Governing Body:
The Chief Secretary of the state is the chairperson, and the Secretary of the Public Health Engineering Department is the Member Secretary of the Governing Body.
(ii) Executive Committee:
The Mission Director of Jal Jeevan Mission is the chairperson, and the Chief Engineer of the Public Health Engineering Department is the Member Secretary of the Executive Committee.
SWSM has been granted all financial powers for the implementation of the Jal Jeevan Mission.
District Level:
At the district level, the District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM) is headed by the District Collector, and the Member Secretary is the Executive Engineer of the Public Health Engineering Department.
As per the Cabinet decision dated 13.02.2021, the DWSM has been authorized to carry out works related to village water supply schemes/retrofitting works through tenders, including activities like survey, DPR, administrative approval, invitation of tenders, resolution of tender issues, contract signing, issuance of work orders, and implementation, with financial powers up to Rs. 5 crore.
Gram Panchayat Level:
At the gram panchayat level, the Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC) is responsible for planning, implementing, managing, operating, and maintaining the water supply and infrastructure. The main role of the committee is to provide drinking water to every rural household through domestic tap connections. The committee also carries out planning for water supply systems in the village through community participation and contributions.
Implementation Support Agencies (ISAs):
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), voluntary organizations, and women self-help groups are known as ISAs. They play a significant role in motivating and bringing together communities for the planning, design, implementation, management, operation, and maintenance of rural water supply systems. ISAs have been appointed in different districts through a transparent selection process by the State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM)/District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM).
Nodal Department for Jal Jeevan Mission:
The Public Health Engineering Department is the nodal department for the implementation of Jal Jeevan Mission tasks.
Sector Partners:
Sector partners such as United Nations agencies (UNICEF) and NGOs are working under the program.
Financial Planning:
(a) Coverage Fund:
93% of the total available allocation under the Jal Jeevan Mission program is earmarked for this fund. The fund is used for drinking water supply works in villages/settlements and for providing pure drinking water systems to settlements affected by arsenic, fluoride, and heavy metals. The central and state share ratio for this component is 50:50, with a community contribution of 10/5%.
(b) Support Fund:
5% of the total available allocation under the Jal Jeevan Mission program is allocated to this fund. The support fund is used for promoting schemes, raising public awareness, and other auxiliary activities such as computerization. The central and state share ratio for this component is 60:40.
(c) Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Fund:
2% of the total available allocation under the Jal Jeevan Mission program is allocated for this fund. This fund is used for water quality testing, purchasing laboratory equipment and chemicals, field test kits, and training programs related to water quality. The central and state share ratio for this component is 60:40.
Community Contribution:
(i) Contribution to the cost of the scheme (Capital Expenditure):
(a) For general areas, a 10% contribution in cash/material/labor is required for village water supply infrastructure.
(b) For villages with more than 50% Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe population, a 5% contribution in cash/material/labor is required.
(c) For hilly areas, a 5% contribution is required.
(d) For grants or donations from other sources, the remaining 10%/5% (as applicable) is the community's contribution.
(e) The community may plan for more service delivery than the basic model, but the full cost beyond the basic model will be borne by them.
(ii) Contribution for Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Expenses:
(a) The panchayats are responsible for determining water connection fees, water charges, and other fees for operation and maintenance.
(b) 10% of the scheme's cost will be granted as an O&M subsidy, which will be used for operational and maintenance purposes. This amount will be replenished by the community through water taxes, creating a revolving fund.
Plans and Implementation:-
1. Retrofitting of ongoing schemes under the previous National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) to provide connectivity to the last mile.
2. Retrofitting of completed rural water supply schemes to align them with the Jal Jeevan Mission.
3. Single village schemes for villages with sufficient groundwater/surface water sources of prescribed quality.
4. Single village schemes for villages with sufficient groundwater but needing treatment.
5. Group water supply schemes in conjunction with the water grid/regional water supply scheme.
6. Small solar-powered piped water supply schemes for isolated/tribal small villages/settlements.
Integrated Water Management and Supply under Jal Jeevan Mission:-
Source strengthening/enhancement, rainwater harvesting on all public buildings, borewell recharge infrastructure, and source sustainability through convergence of MNREGA, Integrated Water Management Project (IWMP), Finance Commission grants, state plans, MP-led, MLA-led, CSR, etc., for infrastructure development, construction, and rejuvenation.
(i) Wastewater management.
(ii) Construction of drains for wastewater collection and conveyance.
(iii) Construction of community soak pits/tanks for wastewater stabilization.
Supportive Activities:-
Proposed activities under the stipulated fund for the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) program are as follows:-
(i) Information, Education, and Communication Activities:-
Training, workshops, personal contact, newspaper advertisements, SMS-based publicity, folk troupe, exhibitions at fairs, wall writings, banners, hoardings, posters, pamphlets, exposure visits for sharing good practices and experiences, distribution of printed materials, award ceremonies, rallies, social awareness/mobilization, consultations, songs, music, dramas, radio, television, newspapers, and other media for publicity activities on drinking water issues.
(ii) Community Participation and Training:-
To ensure community participation under the National Rural Drinking Water Program, activities include organizing Gram Sabhas, community rallies, meetings of members of Village Water and Sanitation Committees, training of representatives of Panchayati Raj institutions and local bodies on the design, monitoring, and operation of rural drinking water schemes, and training for field-level staff and departmental engineers, etc.
(iii) Management Information System and Other Supportive Activities:-
Computerization of offices at the block level, purchase of printers, UPS, etc., system software, GIS data products and allied activities, public grievance redressal system, and identification of groundwater sources using HGM maps based on satellite imagery, GIS mapping of all drinking water sources, data collection, evaluation and monitoring, research and development projects, etc.
Miscellaneous Activities:-
(a) Evaluation and concurrent monitoring by independent third-party inspection agencies.
(b) Release of funds based on confirmation of domestic tap connections provided.
(c) Monitoring of regular and adequate supply of water of prescribed quality from FHTCs in the village through IoT/I-Cloud under a pilot project.
(d) Extensive use of digital technology.
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